導(dǎo)讀：青島旅游景點(diǎn)在哪個(gè)區(qū) 青島旅游必去景點(diǎn)有哪些 闈掑矝涓昏鏅偣鍦ㄥ摢鍑犱釜鍖?/h3>闈掑矝鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁錛?/p>闈掑矝甯?jìng)鍖哄唴锛?xì)闈掑矝婊ㄦ搗姝ヨ閬擄細(xì)涔熷彨鈥滄花嫻鋒湪鏍堥亾鈥濓紝瑗胯搗鍥㈠矝錛屼笢鑷崇煶鑰佷漢錛屽叏闀跨害36.9鍏噷銆傛花嫻鋒琛岄亾涓茶仈璧峰洟宀涙咕銆侀潚宀涙咕銆佹眹娉夋咕銆佸お騫蟲咕銆佹誕灞辨咕銆佺煶鑰佷漢婀俱€傞€斿緞闈掑矝嫻鋒花椋庢櫙鍖哄拰鐭寵€佷漢鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖虹殑涓昏椋庢櫙鐐廣€傞潚宀涙誕灞卞叕鍥細(xì)涓誨嘲嫻鋒嫈384綾籌紝涔?jié)宄板嚭鎿v錛屽郴宄鎷旓紝鏈夆€滄誕灞變節(jié)鐐光€濈殑緹庤獕銆傛湁搴鋒湁涓哄銆佷簬濮戝旱絳変漢鏂囨櫙瑙傘€?/p>鏍堟ˉ錛氫綅浜庨潚宀涙咕涓紝寤轟簬鍏夌華鍗佸叓騫達(dá)紝淇楃О鍓嶆搗鏍堟ˉ錛屾ˉ澶村弻灞傞妾愬叓瑙掍涵闃佷負(fù)鍥炴緶闃侊紝鏄潚宀涚殑閲嶈鏍囧織鎬у緩絳戠墿鍜岃薄寰乕45]銆傞檲榪愬拰銆婃爤妗ャ€嬩竴璇楃О鍏朵負(fù)鈥滀竴鏉嗕幾鍏ュぇ嫻鋒繁澶勭殑縐ょО寰楄搗闈掑矝浜烘墍鐗規(guī)湁鐨勮敋钃濊壊鐨勬儏鎰熲€濄€傗€滈暱铏硅繙寮曗€濄€佲€滈闃佸洖婢溾€濇墍鎸囧嵆姝ゃ€?/p>灝忛潚宀涘叕鍥細(xì)浣嶄簬闈掑矝婀懼唴錛屽矝褰技鐞達(dá)紝鍙堝悕鐞村矝錛屽矝涓婄伅濉旂郴1900騫村緩閫狅紝濉旈珮15.5綾籌紝濉旇韓鐧借壊錛屽憟鍏褰紝鐏厜灝勭▼12嫻烽噷錛屾槸鍥藉唴澶栬埞鍙繘鍑鴻兌宸炴咕鐨勯噸瑕佹爣蹇椼€?鐞村笨椋樼伅"涓洪潚宀涘競(jìng)鐫€鍚嶆櫙瑙傘€傚皬闈掑矝鏄潚宀涙爣蹇椾箣涓€銆?/p>嫻峰啗鍗氱墿棣嗭細(xì)鏄腑鍥藉敮涓€涓€搴у叏闈㈠弽鏄犱腑鍥芥搗鍐涘彂灞曞巻鍙茬殑鍐涗簨鍗氱墿棣嗐€傝瀹ゅ唴灞曞巺銆佹鍣ㄨ澶囧睍鍖哄拰嫻蜂笂灞曡埌鍖猴紝鏄叏鍥界埍鍥戒富涔夋暀鑲插熀鍦頒箣涓€銆?/p>闈掑矝椴佽繀鍏洯錛氶瞾榪呭叕鍥緩浜?931騫達(dá)紝浣嶄簬姹囨硥婀劇晹錛屽叏闀跨壞寤朵袱鍏噷錛屽崰鍦伴潰縐?鍏》錛岀鐭崇幆宀革紝鏉炬灄瑕嗗潯錛岀孩宀╁稒宄嬶紝浜Ν鍒嚧錛屾極琛屽叾闂達(dá)紝紜湁鈥滃北絀瘋礬灝界枒鏂礀錛屼復(fù)宀稿洖鎶樺張涓€鏅€濈殑鎯呰叮[47]銆傞瞾榪呭叕鍥互鐙壒鐨勭孩紺佹搗宀哥潃縐幫紝鍏洯鍖椾晶鐨勯潚宀涙按鏃忛錛屾槸浜氭床絎竴搴ф搗媧嬮錛屽褰豢鐓у嵆澧ㄥ彜鍩庢疆嫻烽棬錛岃姊佹€濇垚鍏堢敓瑾変負(fù)鈥滄搗婊ㄩ鍏変笌涓浗浼犵粺寤虹瓚鐨勬渶浣崇粨鍚堚€濄€?/p>闈掑矝嫻峰簳涓栫晫錛氫綅浜庨瞾榪呭叕鍥闈紝涓昏鐢辨疆闂村甫銆佹搗搴曢毀閬撳拰鍦頒笅鍥涘眰瑙傚厜寤虹瓚涓夊ぇ閮ㄥ垎鏋勬垚銆備簹媧茬洰鍓嶆渶澶х殑浜氬厠鍔涘崟浣撳渾鏌卞睍紺烘按緙革紝灞曠ず鐝嶈吹鐨勭強(qiáng)鐟氱鐢熺墿銆?/p>灝忛奔灞卞叕鍥細(xì)灝忛奔灞變負(fù)闈掑矝絎竴搴у彜鍏擱鏍肩殑灞卞ご鍥灄鍏洯銆傛搗鎷?0綾籌紝闈㈢Н2.5鍏》錛岀豢鍦伴潰縐?.1鍏》錛岀豢鍦扮巼84%錛屾灞卞師鏃犳鍚嶏紝鍚庡洜闈犺繎楸煎北璺€岃幏鈥滃皬楸煎北鈥濅箣縐般€傚北涓嬫湁鑰佽垗銆佹矆浠庢枃銆佹瀹炵銆佸悍鏈変負(fù)鏁呭眳絳変簩鍗佸澶勫悕浜烘晠灞咃紝鏄璁塊潚宀涘煄甯?jìng)鍘嗗彶鏂囧寲鐨勯閫夊湴銆?/p>鍏ぇ鍏抽鏅尯錛氫綅浜庢眹娉夋咕涓庡お騫蟲咕涔嬮棿錛屽寳涓村お騫沖北錛屾櫙鍖哄叓鏉′富瑕侀┈璺互鍏抽殬鍛藉悕錛堢幇宸插鍒板崄鏉★級(jí)銆傚叓澶у叧鏈変紬澶氱殑鍚勫浗椋庢牸寤虹瓚錛屾晠鏈夆€滀竾鍥藉緩絳戝崥瑙堜細(xì)鈥濅箣縐幫紝榪欓噷闆嗕腑浜嗕縿寮忋€佽嫳寮忋? ?佹硶寮忋€佸痙寮忋€佺編寮忋€佷腹楹﹀紡銆佸笇鑵婂紡銆佽タ鐝墮寮忋€佺憺澹紡銆佹棩鏈紡絳?0澶氫釜鍥藉鐨勫緩絳戦鏍箋€傚叓澶у叧鏄渶鑳戒綋鐜伴潚宀涒€滅孩鐡︾豢鏍?wèi)銆佺ⅶ嫻瘋摑澶┾€濈壒鐐圭殑鍦板尯錛屽叓澶у叧鍐呮瘡涓€鏉￠亾璺兘鏈変竴縐嶄笉鍚岀殑妞嶇墿浣滀負(fù)浠ｈ〃錛屾湁鈥滀竴鍏充竴鏍?wèi)銆佸叧鍏充笉鍚屸€濅箣璇淬€傚叓澶у叧宸茶鍒楀叆涓哄叏鍥介噸鐐規(guī)枃鐗╀繚鎶ゅ崟浣峓49]錛?005騫磋璇勪負(fù)鈥滀腑鍥芥渶緹庣殑浜斿ぇ鍩庡尯鈥濅箣涓€銆?/p>闈掑矝涓北鍏洯錛?902騫達(dá)紝寰峰崰褰撳眬鍦ㄦ寤烘灄鏈ㄥ洯鍦扮櫨涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛屾灉鏈ㄥ洯鍦扮害4涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛岄泦涓笘鐣屽悇鍦扮殑鑺辮崏鏍?wèi)鏈?70澶氱銆?3涓囨牚銆傚叾涓渶瀵岀壒鑹茬殑鏄粠鏃ユ湰縐繪鐨?涓囨牚妯辮姳銆傞潚宀涗腑灞卞叕鍥槸鐩墠鍥藉唴鏍芥妯辮姳鍘嗗彶鏈€涔呫€佹爲(wèi)榫勬渶澶с€佸搧縐嶆渶澶氥€侀潰縐渶澶х殑鍏洯銆?/p>鐧捐姳鑻戯細(xì)浣嶄簬涓北鍏洯瑗塊棬銆傜粨鍚堝北鍦板洯鏋楀睍紺洪潚宀涘巻鍙叉枃鍖栧悕浜洪洉濉戙€?/p>婀涘北瀵猴細(xì)鍊撹櫄娉曞笀浜?932騫存潵闈掑矝涓繪寔鍏村緩婀涘北瀵猴紝騫跺垱鍔炴箾灞卞浣?jīng)瀛﹂櫌锛寢狗鍐呴珮鍍ч閿¤€屾潵錛屽紭涓€澶у笀瀹忓紑緇忕錛屽崄鏂逛經(jīng)瀛愭瘯鑱氾紝鐩涙瀬涓€鏃躲€傚€撹櫄娉曞笀涓庢箾灞變經(jīng)瀛﹂櫌鍦?949騫村悗榪侀娓紝鍦ㄩ娓€佷笢鍗椾簹銆佹媧層€佸寳緹庣殑鏂板緩瀵哄簷錛岄兘鍛藉悕涓烘箾灞卞錛屽叿鏈夊緢澶х殑鍥介檯褰卞搷鍔涖€?/p>浜斿洓騫垮満錛氬崡涓存誕灞辨咕錛屽寳涓撮潚宀涘競(jìng)琛屾斂涓績鐨勪腑杞寸嚎銆傚洜闈掑矝涓繪潈闂鎴愪負(fù)榪戜唬浜斿洓榪愬姩瀵肩伀绱㈣€屽緱鍚嶃€傚箍鍦轟富浣撻洉濉戙€婁簲鏈堢殑椋庛€嬩互铻烘棆涓婂崌鐨勯鐨勯€犲瀷鍜岀伀綰㈢殑鑹插僵錛屽瘬鎰忊€滀簲鍥涗簤闈掑矝鈥濈殑涓婚銆?/p>闈掑矝濂ュ竼涓績錛氶潚宀涘ゥ鏋楀尮鍏嬪竼鑸逛腑蹇冨潗钀戒簬闈掑矝甯?jìng)涓滈儴鏂板尯嬲Q灞辨咕鐣旓紝姣楅偦浜斿洓騫垮満鍜屼笢嫻瘋礬[50]錛?008騫寸29灞婂ゥ榪愪細(xì)鍜?3灞婃畫濂ヤ細(xì)甯嗚埞銆佸竼鏉挎瘮璧涘湪姝や婦琛屻€?/p>嫻鋒按嫻村満錛氶潚宀涚涓€嫻鋒按嫻村満浣嶄簬姹囨硥婀撅紝鏈€楂樻椂鏃ユ帴寰呴噺鏇捐揪35涓囦漢嬈★紝涓哄叏鍥戒箣鏈€銆傞潚宀涚浜屾搗姘存蕩鍦轟綅浜庡お騫蟲咕錛屽叓澶у叧鍗椾晶錛屾瘺娉戒笢銆侀倱灝忓鉤閮芥浘鍦ㄦ鐣呮父銆傞潚宀涚涓夋搗姘存蕩鍦轟綅浜庢誕灞辨咕澶鉤瑙掍笢渚э紱闈掑矝絎叚嫻鋒按嫻村満錛屽湪鏍堟ˉ涓滀晶銆?/p>闈掑矝灞辯偖鍙伴仐鍧€鍏洯錛氭浘緇忔槸絎竴嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樹笢浜氬敮涓€鐨勯檰鎴樻垬鍦猴紝琚獕涓鴻繙涓滅涓€澶х偖鍙幫紝鍦頒笅宸ヤ簨淇濆瓨鍘熻矊銆?/p>闈掑矝鍟ら厭鍗氱墿棣嗭細(xì)鍒╃敤1903騫寸殑闈掑矝鍟ら厭鍘傝€佸巶鎴褲€佽€佽澶囷紝鏀逛負(fù)闈掑矝鍟ら厭鍗氱墿棣嗐€傞泦闈掑矝鍟ら厭鐨勫巻鍙插彂灞曞巻紼嬨€佹繁鍘氱殑鏂囧寲搴曡暣銆佸厛榪涚殑宸ヨ壓嫻佺▼銆佸搧閰掑ū涔愩€佽喘鐗╀負(fù)涓€浣擄紝鏄浗鍐呴瀹跺暏閰掑崥鐗╅銆?/p>闈掑矝澶╀富鏁欏爞錛氭湰鍚嶅湥寮ュ巹灝?dāng)鏁欏爞锛岀敱瀵d鍥借璁″笀姣曞▌鍝堣璁★紝濉旇韓楂?6綾籌紝鏄緩鍥藉墠灞變笢鐪佹渶楂樼殑寤虹瓚銆傛槸涓浗鍞竴鐨勭鍦ｆ暀鍫傘€?/p>鏉庢缽鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)鍗佹搴墊鍥細(xì)鍗佹搴墊鍥寤轟簬1995騫達(dá)紝? ??犲湴榪?00浜╋紝鏈夊悇縐嶆鑺卞搧縐?30澶氱錛屼笘鐣岀█鏈夊搧縐?6縐嶏紝姊呮爲(wèi)15000浣欐牚錛屾鑺辯泦鏅?000澶氱泦錛屾槸鍥藉唴杈冨ぇ鐨勬鍥箣涓€錛屾槸涓浗絎洓澶ф鍥€?/p>鐜勯槼瑙傦細(xì)鐜勯槼瑙傚張縐扮瀛愬旱錛屼綅浜庢潕娌у尯鎴村紺懼尯鍖楀北錛屽寤哄勾浠ｅ緟鑰冿紝娓呬唬涔鵑殕騫撮棿閲嶄慨銆?007騫?鏈堝啀嬈￠噸淇宸ャ€?/p>鍖楀尯鏅偣錛?/p>嫻蜂簯搴碉細(xì)浣嶄簬甯?jìng)鍖楀尯鎿v浜戣1鍙楓€傚緩浜庢槑鏈濓紝姣忓勾姝ｆ湀鍗佸叚鐨勭硸鐞冧細(xì)錛屾槸闈掑矝鐫€鍚嶆皯淇楄妭搴嗐€?/p>宕傚北鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)宕傚北椋庢櫙鍖猴細(xì)浣嶄簬闈掑矝甯?jìng)涓滃寳閮ㄣ€傛槑鏈濓紝宕傚北琚獕涓衡€滄搗涓婂悕灞辯涓€鈥濄€傛櫙鍖洪潰縐?80騫蟲柟鍏噷錛屾搗宀哥嚎87騫蟲柟鍏噷銆備富宄板法宄版搗鎷?132.7綾籌紝鏄腑鍥芥搗宀哥嚎鏈€楂樼偣銆傚悓鏃惰繕鏄亾鏁欐枃鍖栧悕灞憋紝閬撴暀鍙戠ゥ鍦頒箣涓€銆傚磦灞遍鏅尯鍒嗕負(fù)涓滅嚎錛堝お騫沖銆佷話鍙ｃ€佸崕涓ュ銆侀偅緗楀歡紿熴€佹鐩樼煶錛夈€佽タ綰匡紙鍗庢ゼ瀹€佹硶嫻峰銆佹湀瀛愬彛錛夈€佸崡綰匡紙澶竻瀹€侀緳娼€戙€佸叓浠欏ⅸ錛夈€佸寳綰匡紙鍖椾節(jié)姘淬€佹疆闊崇€戙€佽敋绔瑰旱錛夈€佷腑綰匡紙宸ㄥ嘲銆佽檾濂沖嘲錛夈€俒澶竻瀹細(xì)澶竻瀹笁闈㈢幆灞憋紝涓€闈復(fù)嫻穂56]錛屽浜庢眽鏈濆紶寤夊か錛屽畫澶鏁曚護(hù)鍗庣洊鐪熶漢鍒樿嫢鎷欐墿寤恒€備笜澶勬満銆佸紶涓変赴絳変漢鍦ㄥお娓呭浼犻亾鍚庯紝鎴愪負(fù)鍏ㄧ湡閬撴暀絎簩涓涙灄銆?/p>宸ㄥ嘲鏅尯錛氬法宄頒負(fù)宕傚北涓誨嘲錛屾搗鎷?132.7綾籌紝鎬煶鍙傚ぉ錛屾皵鍔挎仮瀹忥紝鏄腑鍥芥部嫻鋒渶楂樼偣銆傛湁浜戞搗銆佸僵鐞冦€佹棴鏃ヤ笁澶у瑙傘€?/p>浠板彛椋庢櫙娓歌鍖猴細(xì)浠板彛娓歌鍖轟綅浜庡磦灞遍鏅尯鐨勪笢鍖楅儴錛屾槸宕傚北椋庢櫙鍖哄寳綰挎父瑙堝尯錛屾父瑙堝尯鍐呴泦閬撴暀銆佷粰灞便€佸彜鏍?wèi)銆佸紓宄般€佸埢鐭充簬涓€韜紝鏄伩鏆戙€佸惛姘с€佷紤闂茬殑娓歌鑳滃湴銆?/p>鍖椾節(jié)姘撮鏅尯錛堜節(jié)姘村崄鍏江錛夛細(xì)浣嶄簬宕傚北娣卞鐨勫場(chǎng)璋鳳紝鍦板娍钀藉樊澶э紝涓嶄粎鏈夋竻婢堢殑嫻佹按銆佺€戝竷錛屾洿鏈夐鏍兼儕寮傜殑鎬煶鍜屽湴璐ㄥ瑙傦紝琚獕涓轟負(fù)鈥滃寳鏂圭殑涔?jié)瀵ㄦ矡鈥濄€?/p>鐭寵€佷漢鍥藉綰ф梾娓稿害鍋囧尯錛氱煶鑰佷漢鍥藉鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖烘槸闈掑矝甯?jìng)浜?992騫寸粡鍥藉姟闄㈡壒鍑嗘垚绔嬬殑鍥藉鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖猴紝浣嶄簬甯?jìng)鍗楀屴Z互涓滐紝宕傚北椋庢櫙鍖轟互瑗褲€傚洜嫻蜂腑鏈変竴搴?7綾抽珮鐨勭煶鏌憋紝閰蜂技鑰佷漢嫻蜂腑鍨傞挀錛屾晠縐扳€滅煶鑰佷漢鈥濓紝鏄腑鍥藉熀宀╂搗宀稿吀鍨嬬殑嫻瘋殌鏌辨櫙瑙傘€?/p>闈掑矝鏋佸湴嫻鋒磱涓栫晫錛氶潚宀涙搗鏄屾瀬鍦版搗媧嬩笘鐣屼負(fù)AAAA鍥藉綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖猴紝浣嶄簬椋庢櫙縐€涓界殑鐭寵€佷漢鍥藉鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖猴紝涓滈偦宕傚北銆佸崡鎺ュぇ嫻鳳紝鍗犲湴21涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛屾槸闈掑矝榛勯噾嫻峰哺綰夸笂鐨勪竴棰楃拃鐠ㄦ槑鐝犮€?/p>鍩庨槼鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)闈掑矝鍐滀笟澶у鏄嗚櫕鍗氱墿棣嗭細(xì)浣嶄簬鍩庨槼鍖洪潚宀涘啘涓氬ぇ瀛︿富鏍″尯銆傝棣嗗睍鍘呴潰縐?800騫蟲柟綾籌紝鍒嗕負(fù)鏄嗚櫕灞曡銆佹爣鏈敹钘忎袱澶ч儴鍒嗭紝鏄浗鍐呮槅铏睍瑙堥潰縐渶澶с€佸睍鍑烘槅铏爣鏈暟閲忋€佽川閲忓潎灞呭墠鍒楃殑灞曢銆?/p>綰㈠矝? ?舵搗鍥細(xì)浣嶄簬綰㈠矝涓滃ぇ媧嬫潙鍗楋紝鏄竴涓互璧舵搗鍜屼紤闂叉笖涓氥€佹皯淇楁梾娓搞€佸ū涔愪負(fù)涓諱綋鍔熻兘鐨勪紤闂叉笖涓氬拰娓斿姘戜織鏃呮父鍖恒€?/p>綰㈠矝浼戦棽娓旀潙錛氫綅浜庣孩宀涜閬撹タ澶ф磱紺懼尯瑗垮崡嫻鋒花錛屾湁灝嗗啗鐭熾€佹眽姝︾煶鑸廣€佸濞樺簷絳夋櫙鐐廣€?/p>涓栫邯鍏洯錛氫綅浜庡煄闃沖尯緇胯壊涓醬綰垮崡绔紝鍗犲湴43涓囧鉤鏂圭背[45]銆傚吋鍏鋒鐗╄璧忋€佸悕鑺卞睍紺哄強(qiáng)寮€灞曟鐗╃豢鑹叉枃鍖栫鏅暀鑲叉槸涓栫邯鍏洯鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳姐€傚叕鍥互鈥滃北鐜按鎶扁€濅負(fù)鍒涗綔鏋勬€濓紝褰㈡垚"涓夊北涓€姘翠竴婀栦笁宀涗竴婊?鐨勮嚜鐒跺北姘村湴璨屽竷灞€銆?/p>闈掑矝鏂圭壒姊﹀夠鐜嬪浗錛氫綅浜庨潚宀涘競(jìng)鍩庨槼鍖虹孩宀涙搗婊紝鍗犲湴70涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛孾60]鏄北涓滃崐宀涘湴鍖哄敮涓€錛屼腑鍥藉寳鏂規(guī)渶澶х殑楂樼鎶€涓婚鍏洯錛岃璁″勾鎺ュ緟閲?00涓囦漢嬈°€?/p>榛勫矝鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)钖涘宀涙梾娓稿害鍋囧尯錛氬張鍚嶅嚖鍑板矝錛屼綅浜庤兌宸炴咕瑗挎搗宀擱粍宀涘尯澧冨唴錛屾槸鏄庢湞閯炲浗鍏枦紱勭殑瀹朵埂[61]銆傛櫙鍖哄唴涓昏鏅偣鏈夐潚宀涢噾娌欐嘩錛圓AAA綰ф櫙鍖猴級(jí)銆侀潚宀涢摱娌欐嘩銆侀潚宀涚煶闆€婊┿€侀綈闀垮煄鑰侀緳澶淬€侀潚宀涢┈嬋犺繍娌沖叕鍥€佺彔灞卞浗瀹剁駭媯灄鍏洯銆佽秴緹ゅ獎(jiǎng)瑙嗗煄銆佷竴鍒囨櫤鍥€?/p>鐞呯悐鍙伴鏅悕鑳滃尯錛氫綅浜庨粍宀涘煄鍖鴻タ鍗?6鍏噷澶勶紝鐞呯悐婀句笌鍙ら晣鍙ｆ咕涔嬮棿錛屾槸絎竴鎵瑰浗瀹墮噸鐐歸鏅悕鑳滃尯錛屽浗瀹禔AAA綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖猴紝鐞呯悐鍙頒笁闈㈢幆嫻鳳紝鏈夆€滃ぉ涓嬬涓€鍙ゅ彴鈥濅箣縐癧62]銆傝秺鐜嬪嬀璺墊浘鍖椾笂榪侀兘浜庢錛岀Е姹夋椂鏈熺殑鐞呯悐閮℃不鎵€鍦ㄥ湴錛屼腑鍥戒簲澶у彜娓箣棣栥€傜悈鐞婂埢鐭籌紝鏄Е鏈濅粎瀛樼殑涓ゅ潡鐭沖埢涔嬩竴錛屽浗瀹朵竴綰ф枃鐗┿€?/p>澶х彔灞遍鏅尯錛氫綅浜庨粍宀涘煄鍖鴻タ鍗楅儴錛屾€婚潰縐?5騫蟲柟鍏噷錛屼富宄板ぇ瀵ㄩ《嫻鋒嫈486綾熾€備互婕北鏉滈箖鑺便€佺彔灞辯璋楓€佷紶緇熷北浼?xì)湄?fù)鏅尯鐗硅壊銆?/p>鐏靛北宀涢鏅尯錛氬寳鏂規(guī)搗鎷旀渶楂樼殑嫻峰矝鐏靛北宀涗綅浜庣伒灞辨咕鍐咃紝鐏靛北宀涙槸鍖楁柟絎竴[63]銆佸叏鍥界涓夐珮宀涖€傛笖涓氳祫婧愪赴瀵岋紝鐩涗駭嫻烽矞銆侀€傚疁鍨傞挀銆佹嬀璐濓紝鏄鍏夈€佹帰闄┿€佷紤闂層€佷綋楠屾搗宀涚敓媧婚鎯呯殑濂藉幓澶勩€?/p>鍗沖ⅷ甯?jìng)鏅偣锛?xì)鍗沖ⅷ椹北鍥藉綰ц嚜鐒朵繚鎶ゅ尯錛氬嵆澧ㄩ┈灞卞浗瀹剁駭鑷劧淇濇姢鍖轟綅浜庡北涓滅渷鍗沖ⅷ甯?jìng)鍖轰互瑗?鍏噷澶勶紝鐢?涓北涓樼粍鎴愶紝緇忛暱鏈熼鍖栧墺铓€錛屽艦鎴愪簡涓儴楂橈紝鍥涘懆浣庯紝鍛堜竴鍑歌搗灞遍《嫻戝渾鐨勪笜闄靛湴甯︼紝闈㈢Н綰?00鍏》錛?993騫?1鏈堟寮忛€氳繃涓撳璇勫錛?994騫?鏈堝浗鍔￠櫌姝ｅ紡鎵瑰噯鍗沖ⅷ甯?jìng)椹弊兛濇姢鍖轰负鍥藉珩旇嚜鐒朵繚鎶ゅ尯锛屼富瑕佷繚鎶ゅ璞℃槸娴呭墫闈㈢伀灞卞博鏌辩姸鑺傜悊鐭虫熮q兢銆佺鍖栨湪鍙?qiáng)鍙ょ敓鐗╁寲鐭辰{夊湴璐ㄨ嚜鐒墮仐榪廣€?/p>鍗沖ⅷ娓╂硥錛氫綅浜庨硨灞辨咕鐣旓紝宕傚北涓滃寳錛屾槸涓栫晫鍥涘ぇ嫻鋒磱娓╂硥涔嬩竴銆傛眽鏈濇浘鍦ㄦ寤虹珛娓╂按渚浗銆佺殝铏炲幙銆傚緩鍥藉悗鏂板緩鐨勫嵆澧ㄦ俯娉夌枟鍏婚櫌鏇炬槸鑻忚仈鎻村崕澶ч」鐩箣? ?€銆?/p>鍗沖ⅷ楣ゅ北椋庢櫙鍖猴細(xì)浣嶄簬槌屽北鍗煄瑗匡紝宕傚北鍖楅簱銆傛槸閬撴暀鍦ｅ湴錛岄工灞辨淳紲栧涵錛屸€滄按楦ｅぉ姊€佸嚮鎺岄工楦ｂ€濅負(fù)楣ゅ北濂囪銆?/p>鍗沖ⅷ鐢版í宀涙梾娓稿害鍋囧尯錛氭槸鍘嗗彶鏂囧寲鍚嶅矝錛屽洜榻愮帇鐢版í鐨勬晠浜嬪拰寰愭?zhèn)查缚鐨勩€婄敯妯簲鐧懼＋銆嬭€岄椈鍚嶃€備富瑕佹櫙鐐規(guī)湁榻愮帇孌褲€佹搗紲炲簷銆?/p>闈掑矝鏃呮父蹇呭幓鏅偣鏈夊摢浜?/h3> 绔崍鍙互鏃呮父鐨勫湴鏂圭殑鏈夊緢澶氾紝闈掑矝鏄竴涓笉閿欑殑閫夋嫨錛屽洜涓鴻繖閲屼笉浼?xì)鎯冲叾浠栨湁鍚嶅煄甯?jìng)閭ｆ牱鎷ユ尋銆傞偅涔堬紝灞變笢闈掑矝鏃呮父鏅偣鏈夊摢浜涢€傚悎绔崍鏃呰錛岀幇鍦ㄤ負(fù)鎮(zhèn)ㄦ帹鑽?017绔崍闈掑矝鏃呮父蹇呭幓鏅偣銆?/p> 闈掑矝鏃呮父蹇呭幓鏅偣鏈夊摢浜? 1銆佸ぉ騫曞煄 灞變笢鐪佸敮涓€鐨勫鍐呮琛屽晢涓氳錛屸€滃浗瀹禔AAA綰ф梾娓告櫙鐐光€濄€?/p> 鍦板潃錛氬競(jìng)鍖楀尯杈藉畞璺?0鍙?/p> 2銆佸ゥ甯嗕腑蹇? 絎?9灞婂ゥ榪愪細(xì)鍜?3灞婃畫濂ヤ細(xì)甯嗚埞姣旇禌灝辨槸鍦ㄨ繖閲屼婦琛屻€?/p> 鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯娓厴q滆礬 3銆佸叓澶у叧 涓浗钁楀悕鐨勯鏅枟鍏誨尯錛屾棫鏃跺€欏畼鍍氳祫鏈鐨?鍒鍖恒€?/p> 鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯榛剫汞偟\ 4銆佹枃鍖栧悕浜烘晠灞呬竴鏉¤ 浼楀鏂囧寲鍚嶄漢鏁呭眳錛岄獑椹肩ゥ瀛愬氨鏄€佽垗鍦ㄨ繖閲屽啓鐨勩€?/p> 鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯绂忓鞭p礬 5銆侀煶涔愬箍鍦? 浠ラ煶涔愪負(fù)涓婚鐨勬枃鍖栦紤闂插箍鍦猴紝鏄垜鍥界洰鍓嶆渶澶х殑闊充箰騫垮満銆?/p> 鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯婢抽棬璧\12鍙?/p> 6銆佷簲鍥涘箍鍦? 鍥犻潚宀涗負(fù)涓浗榪戜唬鍙蹭笂浼熷ぇ鐨勪簲鍥涜繍鍔ㄥ鐏儲(chǔ)鑰屽緱鍚嶃€?/p> 鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀屴Z笢嫻瘋タ璺?5鍙?/p> 闈掑矝鏃呮父鏅偣浠嬬粛澶у叏 闈掑矝甯?jìng)鍐呯殑鏃呮父鏅傄?guī)湁鍝簺 闈掑矝蹇呭幓鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁鍝簺錛?/h3>闈掑矝鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁:1宕傚北鏅尯:宕傚北鍙ょО宕傚北銆佸磦灞?/p>浣嶄簬灞變笢鍗婂矝涓滃崡閮紝瑗夸復(fù)闈掑矝錛屼笢鍗楁繏涓撮粍嫻?/p>鑰侀《宸ㄥ嘲鍗犲湴386騫蟲柟鍏噷錛屾搗鎷?133綾?/p>瀹冧笉浠呮槸涓浗钁楀悕鐨勯亾鏁欏悕灞憋紝涔熸槸閬挎殤鑳滃湴宕傚北鏅偣鏈夊お娓呭銆佸お騫沖銆佸寳涔?jié)姘淬€佽姳妤煎銆侀工灞便€佽€侀《宸ㄥ嘲絳?/p>2闈掑矝嫻峰簳涓栫晫:闈掑矝嫻峰簳涓栫晫鏄浗瀹?A綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖猴紝浣嶄簬闈掑矝姹囨硥婀撅紝姣楅偦闈掑矝钁楀悕鏅偣椴佽繀鍏洯鍜岀涓€嫻鋒按嫻村満鏁村悎浜嗛潚宀涙按鏃忛銆佹爣鏈銆佹貳姘撮奔棣嗙瓑鍘熸湁鏃呮父璧勬簮錛屽茍涓庝緷灞卞倣嫻風(fēng)殑鑷劧緹庢櫙铻嶄負(fù)涓€浣擄紝褰㈡垚浜嗗北涓湁嫻風(fēng)殑濂囧鏅薄鍏剁嫭鐗圭殑鍦扮悊浣嶇疆鍜岀幇浠ｅ寲鐨勫睍紺烘墜孌碉紝浣垮叾鎴愪負(fù)涓浗鐙竴鏃犱簩鐨勬搗媧嬬敓鎬佸ぇ瑙傚洯3鑼跺北椋庢櫙鍖?闈掑矝鑼跺北椋庢櫙鍖轟綅浜庡鉤搴﹀競(jìng)鍖?0鍏噷錛屽寳涓村ぇ娉斤紝涓滀復(fù)瀛ゅ北錛屾渶楂樺嘲嫻鋒嫈560綾?/p>鑼跺北鏅尯鏄?004騫村紑鍙戠殑錛岀幇鍦ㄥ凡緇忓垵鍏瘋妯?/p>宀╃煶銆佹硥姘淬€侀矞鑺卞拰瀵哄簷鏄尪灞辯殑涓婚2010騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鑼跺北琚浗瀹舵梾娓稿眬鎵瑰噯涓?A綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖?/p>闈掑矝鏈夊摢浜涙梾娓告櫙鐐癸紵 闈掑矝蹇呭幓鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁鍝簺

闈掑矝涓昏鏅偣鍦ㄥ摢鍑犱釜鍖?/h3>

闈掑矝鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁錛?/p>

闈掑矝甯?jìng)鍖哄唴锛?xì)

闈掑矝婊ㄦ搗姝ヨ閬擄細(xì)涔熷彨鈥滄花嫻鋒湪鏍堥亾鈥濓紝瑗胯搗鍥㈠矝錛屼笢鑷崇煶鑰佷漢錛屽叏闀跨害36.9鍏噷銆傛花嫻鋒琛岄亾涓茶仈璧峰洟宀涙咕銆侀潚宀涙咕銆佹眹娉夋咕銆佸お騫蟲咕銆佹誕灞辨咕銆佺煶鑰佷漢婀俱€傞€斿緞闈掑矝嫻鋒花椋庢櫙鍖哄拰鐭寵€佷漢鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖虹殑涓昏椋庢櫙鐐廣€傞潚宀涙誕灞卞叕鍥細(xì)涓誨嘲嫻鋒嫈384綾籌紝涔?jié)宄板嚭鎿v錛屽郴宄鎷旓紝鏈夆€滄誕灞變節(jié)鐐光€濈殑緹庤獕銆傛湁搴鋒湁涓哄銆佷簬濮戝旱絳変漢鏂囨櫙瑙傘€?/p>

鏍堟ˉ錛氫綅浜庨潚宀涙咕涓紝寤轟簬鍏夌華鍗佸叓騫達(dá)紝淇楃О鍓嶆搗鏍堟ˉ錛屾ˉ澶村弻灞傞妾愬叓瑙掍涵闃佷負(fù)鍥炴緶闃侊紝鏄潚宀涚殑閲嶈鏍囧織鎬у緩絳戠墿鍜岃薄寰乕45]銆傞檲榪愬拰銆婃爤妗ャ€嬩竴璇楃О鍏朵負(fù)鈥滀竴鏉嗕幾鍏ュぇ嫻鋒繁澶勭殑縐ょО寰楄搗闈掑矝浜烘墍鐗規(guī)湁鐨勮敋钃濊壊鐨勬儏鎰熲€濄€傗€滈暱铏硅繙寮曗€濄€佲€滈闃佸洖婢溾€濇墍鎸囧嵆姝ゃ€?/p>

灝忛潚宀涘叕鍥細(xì)浣嶄簬闈掑矝婀懼唴錛屽矝褰技鐞達(dá)紝鍙堝悕鐞村矝錛屽矝涓婄伅濉旂郴1900騫村緩閫狅紝濉旈珮15.5綾籌紝濉旇韓鐧借壊錛屽憟鍏褰紝鐏厜灝勭▼12嫻烽噷錛屾槸鍥藉唴澶栬埞鍙繘鍑鴻兌宸炴咕鐨勯噸瑕佹爣蹇椼€?鐞村笨椋樼伅"涓洪潚宀涘競(jìng)鐫€鍚嶆櫙瑙傘€傚皬闈掑矝鏄潚宀涙爣蹇椾箣涓€銆?/p>

嫻峰啗鍗氱墿棣嗭細(xì)鏄腑鍥藉敮涓€涓€搴у叏闈㈠弽鏄犱腑鍥芥搗鍐涘彂灞曞巻鍙茬殑鍐涗簨鍗氱墿棣嗐€傝瀹ゅ唴灞曞巺銆佹鍣ㄨ澶囧睍鍖哄拰嫻蜂笂灞曡埌鍖猴紝鏄叏鍥界埍鍥戒富涔夋暀鑲插熀鍦頒箣涓€銆?/p>

闈掑矝椴佽繀鍏洯錛氶瞾榪呭叕鍥緩浜?931騫達(dá)紝浣嶄簬姹囨硥婀劇晹錛屽叏闀跨壞寤朵袱鍏噷錛屽崰鍦伴潰縐?鍏》錛岀鐭崇幆宀革紝鏉炬灄瑕嗗潯錛岀孩宀╁稒宄嬶紝浜Ν鍒嚧錛屾極琛屽叾闂達(dá)紝紜湁鈥滃北絀瘋礬灝界枒鏂礀錛屼復(fù)宀稿洖鎶樺張涓€鏅€濈殑鎯呰叮[47]銆傞瞾榪呭叕鍥互鐙壒鐨勭孩紺佹搗宀哥潃縐幫紝鍏洯鍖椾晶鐨勯潚宀涙按鏃忛錛屾槸浜氭床絎竴搴ф搗媧嬮錛屽褰豢鐓у嵆澧ㄥ彜鍩庢疆嫻烽棬錛岃姊佹€濇垚鍏堢敓瑾変負(fù)鈥滄搗婊ㄩ鍏変笌涓浗浼犵粺寤虹瓚鐨勬渶浣崇粨鍚堚€濄€?/p>

闈掑矝嫻峰簳涓栫晫錛氫綅浜庨瞾榪呭叕鍥闈紝涓昏鐢辨疆闂村甫銆佹搗搴曢毀閬撳拰鍦頒笅鍥涘眰瑙傚厜寤虹瓚涓夊ぇ閮ㄥ垎鏋勬垚銆備簹媧茬洰鍓嶆渶澶х殑浜氬厠鍔涘崟浣撳渾鏌卞睍紺烘按緙革紝灞曠ず鐝嶈吹鐨勭強(qiáng)鐟氱鐢熺墿銆?/p>

灝忛奔灞卞叕鍥細(xì)灝忛奔灞變負(fù)闈掑矝絎竴搴у彜鍏擱鏍肩殑灞卞ご鍥灄鍏洯銆傛搗鎷?0綾籌紝闈㈢Н2.5鍏》錛岀豢鍦伴潰縐?.1鍏》錛岀豢鍦扮巼84%錛屾灞卞師鏃犳鍚嶏紝鍚庡洜闈犺繎楸煎北璺€岃幏鈥滃皬楸煎北鈥濅箣縐般€傚北涓嬫湁鑰佽垗銆佹矆浠庢枃銆佹瀹炵銆佸悍鏈変負(fù)鏁呭眳絳変簩鍗佸澶勫悕浜烘晠灞咃紝鏄璁塊潚宀涘煄甯?jìng)鍘嗗彶鏂囧寲鐨勯閫夊湴銆?/p>

鍏ぇ鍏抽鏅尯錛氫綅浜庢眹娉夋咕涓庡お騫蟲咕涔嬮棿錛屽寳涓村お騫沖北錛屾櫙鍖哄叓鏉′富瑕侀┈璺互鍏抽殬鍛藉悕錛堢幇宸插鍒板崄鏉★級(jí)銆傚叓澶у叧鏈変紬澶氱殑鍚勫浗椋庢牸寤虹瓚錛屾晠鏈夆€滀竾鍥藉緩絳戝崥瑙堜細(xì)鈥濅箣縐幫紝榪欓噷闆嗕腑浜嗕縿寮忋€佽 嫳寮忋€佹硶寮忋€佸痙寮忋€佺編寮忋€佷腹楹﹀紡銆佸笇鑵婂紡銆佽タ鐝墮寮忋€佺憺澹紡銆佹棩鏈紡絳?0澶氫釜鍥藉鐨勫緩絳戦鏍箋€傚叓澶у叧鏄渶鑳戒綋鐜伴潚宀涒€滅孩鐡︾豢鏍?wèi)銆佺ⅶ嫻瘋摑澶┾€濈壒鐐圭殑鍦板尯錛屽叓澶у叧鍐呮瘡涓€鏉￠亾璺兘鏈変竴縐嶄笉鍚岀殑妞嶇墿浣滀負(fù)浠ｈ〃錛屾湁鈥滀竴鍏充竴鏍?wèi)銆佸叧鍏充笉鍚屸€濅箣璇淬€傚叓澶у叧宸茶鍒楀叆涓哄叏鍥介噸鐐規(guī)枃鐗╀繚鎶ゅ崟浣峓49]錛?005騫磋璇勪負(fù)鈥滀腑鍥芥渶緹庣殑浜斿ぇ鍩庡尯鈥濅箣涓€銆?/p>

闈掑矝涓北鍏洯錛?902騫達(dá)紝寰峰崰褰撳眬鍦ㄦ寤烘灄鏈ㄥ洯鍦扮櫨涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛屾灉鏈ㄥ洯鍦扮害4涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛岄泦涓笘鐣屽悇鍦扮殑鑺辮崏鏍?wèi)鏈?70澶氱銆?3涓囨牚銆傚叾涓渶瀵岀壒鑹茬殑鏄粠鏃ユ湰縐繪鐨?涓囨牚妯辮姳銆傞潚宀涗腑灞卞叕鍥槸鐩墠鍥藉唴鏍芥妯辮姳鍘嗗彶鏈€涔呫€佹爲(wèi)榫勬渶澶с€佸搧縐嶆渶澶氥€侀潰縐渶澶х殑鍏洯銆?/p>

鐧捐姳鑻戯細(xì)浣嶄簬涓北鍏洯瑗塊棬銆傜粨鍚堝北鍦板洯鏋楀睍紺洪潚宀涘巻鍙叉枃鍖栧悕浜洪洉濉戙€?/p>

婀涘北瀵猴細(xì)鍊撹櫄娉曞笀浜?932騫存潵闈掑矝涓繪寔鍏村緩婀涘北瀵猴紝騫跺垱鍔炴箾灞卞浣?jīng)瀛﹂櫌锛寢狗鍐呴珮鍍ч閿¤€屾潵錛屽紭涓€澶у笀瀹忓紑緇忕錛屽崄鏂逛經(jīng)瀛愭瘯鑱氾紝鐩涙瀬涓€鏃躲€傚€撹櫄娉曞笀涓庢箾灞變經(jīng)瀛﹂櫌鍦?949騫村悗榪侀娓紝鍦ㄩ娓€佷笢鍗椾簹銆佹媧層€佸寳緹庣殑鏂板緩瀵哄簷錛岄兘鍛藉悕涓烘箾灞卞錛屽叿鏈夊緢澶х殑鍥介檯褰卞搷鍔涖€?/p>

浜斿洓騫垮満錛氬崡涓存誕灞辨咕錛屽寳涓撮潚宀涘競(jìng)琛屾斂涓績鐨勪腑杞寸嚎銆傚洜闈掑矝涓繪潈闂鎴愪負(fù)榪戜唬浜斿洓榪愬姩瀵肩伀绱㈣€屽緱鍚嶃€傚箍鍦轟富浣撻洉濉戙€婁簲鏈堢殑椋庛€嬩互铻烘棆涓婂崌鐨勯鐨勯€犲瀷鍜岀伀綰㈢殑鑹插僵錛屽瘬鎰忊€滀簲鍥涗簤闈掑矝鈥濈殑涓婚銆?/p>

闈掑矝濂ュ竼涓績錛氶潚宀涘ゥ鏋楀尮鍏嬪竼鑸逛腑蹇冨潗钀戒簬闈掑矝甯?jìng)涓滈儴鏂板尯嬲Q灞辨咕鐣旓紝姣楅偦浜斿洓騫垮満鍜屼笢嫻瘋礬[50]錛?008騫寸29灞婂ゥ榪愪細(xì)鍜?3灞婃畫濂ヤ細(xì)甯嗚埞銆佸竼鏉挎瘮璧涘湪姝や婦琛屻€?/p>

嫻鋒按嫻村満錛氶潚宀涚涓€嫻鋒按嫻村満浣嶄簬姹囨硥婀撅紝鏈€楂樻椂鏃ユ帴寰呴噺鏇捐揪35涓囦漢嬈★紝涓哄叏鍥戒箣鏈€銆傞潚宀涚浜屾搗姘存蕩鍦轟綅浜庡お騫蟲咕錛屽叓澶у叧鍗椾晶錛屾瘺娉戒笢銆侀倱灝忓鉤閮芥浘鍦ㄦ鐣呮父銆傞潚宀涚涓夋搗姘存蕩鍦轟綅浜庢誕灞辨咕澶鉤瑙掍笢渚э紱闈掑矝絎叚嫻鋒按嫻村満錛屽湪鏍堟ˉ涓滀晶銆?/p>

闈掑矝灞辯偖鍙伴仐鍧€鍏洯錛氭浘緇忔槸絎竴嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樹笢浜氬敮涓€鐨勯檰鎴樻垬鍦猴紝琚獕涓鴻繙涓滅涓€澶х偖鍙幫紝鍦頒笅宸ヤ簨淇濆瓨鍘熻矊銆?/p>

闈掑矝鍟ら厭鍗氱墿棣嗭細(xì)鍒╃敤1903騫寸殑闈掑矝鍟ら厭鍘傝€佸巶鎴褲€佽€佽澶囷紝鏀逛負(fù)闈掑矝鍟ら厭鍗氱墿棣嗐€傞泦闈掑矝鍟ら厭鐨勫巻鍙插彂灞曞巻紼嬨€佹繁鍘氱殑鏂囧寲搴曡暣銆佸厛榪涚殑宸ヨ壓嫻佺▼銆佸搧閰掑ū涔愩€佽喘鐗╀負(fù)涓€浣擄紝鏄浗鍐呴瀹跺暏閰掑崥鐗╅銆?/p>

闈掑矝澶╀富鏁欏爞錛氭湰鍚嶅湥寮ュ巹灝?dāng)鏁欏爞锛岀敱瀵d鍥借璁″笀姣曞▌鍝堣璁★紝濉旇韓楂?6綾籌紝鏄緩鍥藉墠灞變笢鐪佹渶楂樼殑寤虹瓚銆傛槸涓浗鍞竴鐨勭鍦ｆ暀鍫傘€?/p>

鏉庢缽鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)

鍗佹搴墊鍥細(xì)鍗佹搴墊鍥寤? ?簬1995騫達(dá)紝鍗犲湴榪?00浜╋紝鏈夊悇縐嶆鑺卞搧縐?30澶氱錛屼笘鐣岀█鏈夊搧縐?6縐嶏紝姊呮爲(wèi)15000浣欐牚錛屾鑺辯泦鏅?000澶氱泦錛屾槸鍥藉唴杈冨ぇ鐨勬鍥箣涓€錛屾槸涓浗絎洓澶ф鍥€?/p>

鐜勯槼瑙傦細(xì)鐜勯槼瑙傚張縐扮瀛愬旱錛屼綅浜庢潕娌у尯鎴村紺懼尯鍖楀北錛屽寤哄勾浠ｅ緟鑰冿紝娓呬唬涔鵑殕騫撮棿閲嶄慨銆?007騫?鏈堝啀嬈￠噸淇宸ャ€?/p>

鍖楀尯鏅偣錛?/p>

嫻蜂簯搴碉細(xì)浣嶄簬甯?jìng)鍖楀尯鎿v浜戣1鍙楓€傚緩浜庢槑鏈濓紝姣忓勾姝ｆ湀鍗佸叚鐨勭硸鐞冧細(xì)錛屾槸闈掑矝鐫€鍚嶆皯淇楄妭搴嗐€?/p>

宕傚北鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)

宕傚北椋庢櫙鍖猴細(xì)浣嶄簬闈掑矝甯?jìng)涓滃寳閮ㄣ€傛槑鏈濓紝宕傚北琚獕涓衡€滄搗涓婂悕灞辯涓€鈥濄€傛櫙鍖洪潰縐?80騫蟲柟鍏噷錛屾搗宀哥嚎87騫蟲柟鍏噷銆備富宄板法宄版搗鎷?132.7綾籌紝鏄腑鍥芥搗宀哥嚎鏈€楂樼偣銆傚悓鏃惰繕鏄亾鏁欐枃鍖栧悕灞憋紝閬撴暀鍙戠ゥ鍦頒箣涓€銆傚磦灞遍鏅尯鍒嗕負(fù)涓滅嚎錛堝お騫沖銆佷話鍙ｃ€佸崕涓ュ銆侀偅緗楀歡紿熴€佹鐩樼煶錛夈€佽タ綰匡紙鍗庢ゼ瀹€佹硶嫻峰銆佹湀瀛愬彛錛夈€佸崡綰匡紙澶竻瀹€侀緳娼€戙€佸叓浠欏ⅸ錛夈€佸寳綰匡紙鍖椾節(jié)姘淬€佹疆闊崇€戙€佽敋绔瑰旱錛夈€佷腑綰匡紙宸ㄥ嘲銆佽檾濂沖嘲錛夈€俒

澶竻瀹細(xì)澶竻瀹笁闈㈢幆灞憋紝涓€闈復(fù)嫻穂56]錛屽浜庢眽鏈濆紶寤夊か錛屽畫澶鏁曚護(hù)鍗庣洊鐪熶漢鍒樿嫢鎷欐墿寤恒€備笜澶勬満銆佸紶涓変赴絳変漢鍦ㄥお娓呭浼犻亾鍚庯紝鎴愪負(fù)鍏ㄧ湡閬撴暀絎簩涓涙灄銆?/p>

宸ㄥ嘲鏅尯錛氬法宄頒負(fù)宕傚北涓誨嘲錛屾搗鎷?132.7綾籌紝鎬煶鍙傚ぉ錛屾皵鍔挎仮瀹忥紝鏄腑鍥芥部嫻鋒渶楂樼偣銆傛湁浜戞搗銆佸僵鐞冦€佹棴鏃ヤ笁澶у瑙傘€?/p>

浠板彛椋庢櫙娓歌鍖猴細(xì)浠板彛娓歌鍖轟綅浜庡磦灞遍鏅尯鐨勪笢鍖楅儴錛屾槸宕傚北椋庢櫙鍖哄寳綰挎父瑙堝尯錛屾父瑙堝尯鍐呴泦閬撴暀銆佷粰灞便€佸彜鏍?wèi)銆佸紓宄般€佸埢鐭充簬涓€韜紝鏄伩鏆戙€佸惛姘с€佷紤闂茬殑娓歌鑳滃湴銆?/p>

鍖椾節(jié)姘撮鏅尯錛堜節(jié)姘村崄鍏江錛夛細(xì)浣嶄簬宕傚北娣卞鐨勫場(chǎng)璋鳳紝鍦板娍钀藉樊澶э紝涓嶄粎鏈夋竻婢堢殑嫻佹按銆佺€戝竷錛屾洿鏈夐鏍兼儕寮傜殑鎬煶鍜屽湴璐ㄥ瑙傦紝琚獕涓轟負(fù)鈥滃寳鏂圭殑涔?jié)瀵ㄦ矡鈥濄€?/p>

鐭寵€佷漢鍥藉綰ф梾娓稿害鍋囧尯錛氱煶鑰佷漢鍥藉鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖烘槸闈掑矝甯?jìng)浜?992騫寸粡鍥藉姟闄㈡壒鍑嗘垚绔嬬殑鍥藉鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖猴紝浣嶄簬甯?jìng)鍗楀屴Z互涓滐紝宕傚北椋庢櫙鍖轟互瑗褲€傚洜嫻蜂腑鏈変竴搴?7綾抽珮鐨勭煶鏌憋紝閰蜂技鑰佷漢嫻蜂腑鍨傞挀錛屾晠縐扳€滅煶鑰佷漢鈥濓紝鏄腑鍥藉熀宀╂搗宀稿吀鍨嬬殑嫻瘋殌鏌辨櫙瑙傘€?/p>

闈掑矝鏋佸湴嫻鋒磱涓栫晫錛氶潚宀涙搗鏄屾瀬鍦版搗媧嬩笘鐣屼負(fù)AAAA鍥藉綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖猴紝浣嶄簬椋庢櫙縐€涓界殑鐭寵€佷漢鍥藉鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖猴紝涓滈偦宕傚北銆佸崡鎺ュぇ嫻鳳紝鍗犲湴21涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛屾槸闈掑矝榛勯噾嫻峰哺綰夸笂鐨勪竴棰楃拃鐠ㄦ槑鐝犮€?/p>

鍩庨槼鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)

闈掑矝鍐滀笟澶у鏄嗚櫕鍗氱墿棣嗭細(xì)浣嶄簬鍩庨槼鍖洪潚宀涘啘涓氬ぇ瀛︿富鏍″尯銆傝棣嗗睍鍘呴潰縐?800騫蟲柟綾籌紝鍒嗕負(fù)鏄嗚櫕灞曡銆佹爣鏈敹钘忎袱澶ч儴鍒嗭紝鏄浗鍐呮槅铏睍瑙堥潰縐渶澶с€佸睍鍑烘槅铏爣鏈暟閲忋€佽川閲忓潎灞呭墠 鍒楃殑灞曢銆?/p>

綰㈠矝璧舵搗鍥細(xì)浣嶄簬綰㈠矝涓滃ぇ媧嬫潙鍗楋紝鏄竴涓互璧舵搗鍜屼紤闂叉笖涓氥€佹皯淇楁梾娓搞€佸ū涔愪負(fù)涓諱綋鍔熻兘鐨勪紤闂叉笖涓氬拰娓斿姘戜織鏃呮父鍖恒€?/p>

綰㈠矝浼戦棽娓旀潙錛氫綅浜庣孩宀涜閬撹タ澶ф磱紺懼尯瑗垮崡嫻鋒花錛屾湁灝嗗啗鐭熾€佹眽姝︾煶鑸廣€佸濞樺簷絳夋櫙鐐廣€?/p>

涓栫邯鍏洯錛氫綅浜庡煄闃沖尯緇胯壊涓醬綰垮崡绔紝鍗犲湴43涓囧鉤鏂圭背[45]銆傚吋鍏鋒鐗╄璧忋€佸悕鑺卞睍紺哄強(qiáng)寮€灞曟鐗╃豢鑹叉枃鍖栫鏅暀鑲叉槸涓栫邯鍏洯鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳姐€傚叕鍥互鈥滃北鐜按鎶扁€濅負(fù)鍒涗綔鏋勬€濓紝褰㈡垚"涓夊北涓€姘翠竴婀栦笁宀涗竴婊?鐨勮嚜鐒跺北姘村湴璨屽竷灞€銆?/p>

闈掑矝鏂圭壒姊﹀夠鐜嬪浗錛氫綅浜庨潚宀涘競(jìng)鍩庨槼鍖虹孩宀涙搗婊紝鍗犲湴70涓囧鉤鏂圭背錛孾60]鏄北涓滃崐宀涘湴鍖哄敮涓€錛屼腑鍥藉寳鏂規(guī)渶澶х殑楂樼鎶€涓婚鍏洯錛岃璁″勾鎺ュ緟閲?00涓囦漢嬈°€?/p>

榛勫矝鍖烘櫙鐐癸細(xì)

钖涘宀涙梾娓稿害鍋囧尯錛氬張鍚嶅嚖鍑板矝錛屼綅浜庤兌宸炴咕瑗挎搗宀擱粍宀涘尯澧冨唴錛屾槸鏄庢湞閯炲浗鍏枦紱勭殑瀹朵埂[61]銆傛櫙鍖哄唴涓昏鏅偣鏈夐潚宀涢噾娌欐嘩錛圓AAA綰ф櫙鍖猴級(jí)銆侀潚宀涢摱娌欐嘩銆侀潚宀涚煶闆€婊┿€侀綈闀垮煄鑰侀緳澶淬€侀潚宀涢┈嬋犺繍娌沖叕鍥€佺彔灞卞浗瀹剁駭媯灄鍏洯銆佽秴緹ゅ獎(jiǎng)瑙嗗煄銆佷竴鍒囨櫤鍥€?/p>

鐞呯悐鍙伴鏅悕鑳滃尯錛氫綅浜庨粍宀涘煄鍖鴻タ鍗?6鍏噷澶勶紝鐞呯悐婀句笌鍙ら晣鍙ｆ咕涔嬮棿錛屾槸絎竴鎵瑰浗瀹墮噸鐐歸鏅悕鑳滃尯錛屽浗瀹禔AAA綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖猴紝鐞呯悐鍙頒笁闈㈢幆嫻鳳紝鏈夆€滃ぉ涓嬬涓€鍙ゅ彴鈥濅箣縐癧62]銆傝秺鐜嬪嬀璺墊浘鍖椾笂榪侀兘浜庢錛岀Е姹夋椂鏈熺殑鐞呯悐閮℃不鎵€鍦ㄥ湴錛屼腑鍥戒簲澶у彜娓箣棣栥€傜悈鐞婂埢鐭籌紝鏄Е鏈濅粎瀛樼殑涓ゅ潡鐭沖埢涔嬩竴錛屽浗瀹朵竴綰ф枃鐗┿€?/p>

澶х彔灞遍鏅尯錛氫綅浜庨粍宀涘煄鍖鴻タ鍗楅儴錛屾€婚潰縐?5騫蟲柟鍏噷錛屼富宄板ぇ瀵ㄩ《嫻鋒嫈486綾熾€備互婕北鏉滈箖鑺便€佺彔灞辯璋楓€佷紶緇熷北浼?xì)湄?fù)鏅尯鐗硅壊銆?/p>

鐏靛北宀涢鏅尯錛氬寳鏂規(guī)搗鎷旀渶楂樼殑嫻峰矝鐏靛北宀涗綅浜庣伒灞辨咕鍐咃紝鐏靛北宀涙槸鍖楁柟絎竴[63]銆佸叏鍥界涓夐珮宀涖€傛笖涓氳祫婧愪赴瀵岋紝鐩涗駭嫻烽矞銆侀€傚疁鍨傞挀銆佹嬀璐濓紝鏄鍏夈€佹帰闄┿€佷紤闂層€佷綋楠屾搗宀涚敓媧婚鎯呯殑濂藉幓澶勩€?/p>

鍗沖ⅷ甯?jìng)鏅偣锛?xì)

鍗沖ⅷ椹北鍥藉綰ц嚜鐒朵繚鎶ゅ尯錛氬嵆澧ㄩ┈灞卞浗瀹剁駭鑷劧淇濇姢鍖轟綅浜庡北涓滅渷鍗沖ⅷ甯?jìng)鍖轰互瑗?鍏噷澶勶紝鐢?涓北涓樼粍鎴愶紝緇忛暱鏈熼鍖栧墺铓€錛屽艦鎴愪簡涓儴楂橈紝鍥涘懆浣庯紝鍛堜竴鍑歌搗灞遍《嫻戝渾鐨勪笜闄靛湴甯︼紝闈㈢Н綰?00鍏》錛?993騫?1鏈堟寮忛€氳繃涓撳璇勫錛?994騫?鏈堝浗鍔￠櫌姝ｅ紡鎵瑰噯鍗沖ⅷ甯?jìng)椹弊兛濇姢鍖轰负鍥藉珩旇嚜鐒朵繚鎶ゅ尯锛屼富瑕佷繚鎶ゅ璞℃槸娴呭墫闈㈢伀灞卞博鏌辩姸鑺傜悊鐭虫熮q兢銆佺鍖栨湪鍙?qiáng)鍙ょ敓鐗╁寲鐭辰{夊湴璐ㄨ嚜鐒墮仐榪廣€?/p>

鍗沖ⅷ娓╂硥錛氫綅浜庨硨灞辨咕鐣旓紝宕傚北涓滃寳錛屾槸涓栫晫鍥涘ぇ嫻鋒磱娓╂硥涔嬩竴銆傛眽鏈濇浘鍦ㄦ寤虹珛娓╂按渚浗銆佺殝铏炲幙銆傚緩鍥藉悗鏂板緩鐨勫嵆澧ㄦ俯娉夌枟鍏婚 櫌鏇炬槸鑻忚仈鎻村崕澶ч」鐩箣涓€銆?/p>

鍗沖ⅷ楣ゅ北椋庢櫙鍖猴細(xì)浣嶄簬槌屽北鍗煄瑗匡紝宕傚北鍖楅簱銆傛槸閬撴暀鍦ｅ湴錛岄工灞辨淳紲栧涵錛屸€滄按楦ｅぉ姊€佸嚮鎺岄工楦ｂ€濅負(fù)楣ゅ北濂囪銆?/p>

鍗沖ⅷ鐢版í宀涙梾娓稿害鍋囧尯錛氭槸鍘嗗彶鏂囧寲鍚嶅矝錛屽洜榻愮帇鐢版í鐨勬晠浜嬪拰寰愭?zhèn)查缚鐨勩€婄敯妯簲鐧懼＋銆嬭€岄椈鍚嶃€備富瑕佹櫙鐐規(guī)湁榻愮帇孌褲€佹搗紲炲簷銆?/p>

闈掑矝鏃呮父蹇呭幓鏅偣鏈夊摢浜?/h3>

绔崍鍙互鏃呮父鐨勫湴鏂圭殑鏈夊緢澶氾紝闈掑矝鏄竴涓笉閿欑殑閫夋嫨錛屽洜涓鴻繖閲屼笉浼?xì)鎯冲叾浠栨湁鍚嶅煄甯?jìng)閭ｆ牱鎷ユ尋銆傞偅涔堬紝灞變笢闈掑矝鏃呮父鏅偣鏈夊摢浜涢€傚悎绔崍鏃呰錛岀幇鍦ㄤ負(fù)鎮(zhèn)ㄦ帹鑽?017绔崍闈掑矝鏃呮父蹇呭幓鏅偣銆?/p> 闈掑矝鏃呮父蹇呭幓鏅偣鏈夊摢浜?

1銆佸ぉ騫曞煄

灞變笢鐪佸敮涓€鐨勫鍐呮琛屽晢涓氳錛屸€滃浗瀹禔AAA綰ф梾娓告櫙鐐光€濄€?/p>

鍦板潃錛氬競(jìng)鍖楀尯杈藉畞璺?0鍙?/p>

2銆佸ゥ甯嗕腑蹇?

絎?9灞婂ゥ榪愪細(xì)鍜?3灞婃畫濂ヤ細(xì)甯嗚埞姣旇禌灝辨槸鍦ㄨ繖閲屼婦琛屻€?/p>

鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯娓厴q滆礬

3銆佸叓澶у叧

涓浗钁楀悕鐨勯鏅枟鍏誨尯錛屾棫鏃跺€欏畼鍍氳祫鏈鐨?鍒鍖恒€?/p>

鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯榛剫汞偟\

4銆佹枃鍖栧悕浜烘晠灞呬竴鏉¤

浼楀鏂囧寲鍚嶄漢鏁呭眳錛岄獑椹肩ゥ瀛愬氨鏄€佽垗鍦ㄨ繖閲屽啓鐨勩€?/p>

鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯绂忓鞭p礬

5銆侀煶涔愬箍鍦?

浠ラ煶涔愪負(fù)涓婚鐨勬枃鍖栦紤闂插箍鍦猴紝鏄垜鍥界洰鍓嶆渶澶х殑闊充箰騫垮満銆?/p>

鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯婢抽棬璧\12鍙?/p>

6銆佷簲鍥涘箍鍦?

鍥犻潚宀涗負(fù)涓浗榪戜唬鍙蹭笂浼熷ぇ鐨勪簲鍥涜繍鍔ㄥ鐏儲(chǔ)鑰屽緱鍚嶃€?/p>

鍦板潃錛氶潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀屴Z笢嫻瘋タ璺?5鍙?/p>

闈掑矝鏃呮父鏅偣浠嬬粛澶у叏

闈掑矝鏃呮父鏅偣鏈夊磦灞辨櫙鍖恒€侀潚宀涙搗婊ㄩ鏅尯銆侀潚宀涘叓澶у叧椋庢櫙鍖恒€佹爤妗ャ€侀潚宀涙搗搴曚笘鐣岀瓑銆?/p>

1銆佸磦灞辨櫙鍖?/p>

宕傚北錛屽彜縐板姵灞便€佺墷灞憋紝浣嶆柤涓浗灞變笢鐪侀潚宀涘競(jìng)宕傚北鍖猴紝榛勬搗涔嬫花錛屾槸涓浗钁楀悕鐨勬梾娓稿悕灞憋紝琚獕涓衡€滄搗涓婄涓€浠欏北鈥濓紝涓誨嘲宸ㄥ嘲錛堝磦欏訛級(jí)楂?132.7綾籌紝涓哄北涓滅渷絎笁楂樺嘲銆?982騫磋鍥藉姟闄㈣涓轟腑鍥藉悕鑳滄櫙鍖轟箣涓€銆傚叾涓婇亾鏁欏瑙傚お娓呭1983騫磋幏縐伴亾鏁欏叏鍥介噸鐐瑰瑙傘€?/p>

2銆侀潚宀涙搗婊ㄩ鏅尯

浣嶄簬闈掑矝甯?jìng)鍖哄崡閮ㄦ部鎿v涓€綰匡紝涓滆タ闀跨害25鍏噷錛屽崡鍖楀綰?鍏噷銆傞檰鍦板寘鎷潚宀涘北銆佷俊鍙峰北銆佽璞″北銆佸お騫沖北銆佸叓鍏沖北銆佸皬楸煎北鍙?qiáng)鍗椾晶鍖哄煙銆傛搗鍩熷垯鏈夊洟宀涙咕銆侀潚宀涙咕銆佹眹娉夋咕銆佸お騫蟲咕銆佹誕灞辨咕絳夋搗鍩熷強(qiáng)鎵€鍚矝銆佺銆佹搗婊╃瓑銆備富瑕侀鏅父瑙堝尯鏈夊叓澶у叧鏅尯銆佸叓澶у場(chǎng)鏅尯銆佸お騫沖北鏅尯鍜屽お騫寵鏅尯銆?/p>

3銆侀潚宀涘叓澶у叧椋庢櫙鍖?/p>

鍏ぇ鍏蟲槸鏈€鑳戒綋鐜伴潚宀涒€滅孩鐡︾豢鏍?wèi)銆佺ⅶ嫻瘋摑澶┾€濈壒鐐圭殑椋庢櫙鍖猴紝浣嶄簬姹囨? ??瑙掓櫙鍖哄寳閮ㄣ€傛墍璋撳叓澶у叧錛屾槸鍥犱負(fù)榪欓噷鏈夊叓鏉￠┈璺紙鐜板凡澧炲埌鍗佹潯錛夛紝鏄互涓浗鍙や唬钁楀悕鍏抽殬鍛藉悕鐨勩€傗€滃叓澶у叧涔熸槸涓浗钁楀悕鐨勯鏅枟鍏誨尯錛岄潰縐?0浣欏叕欏鳳紝鍗佹潯騫介潤娓呭噳鐨勫ぇ璺旱妯叾闂淬€?/p>

4銆佹爤妗?/p>

闈掑矝鏍堟ˉ浣嶄簬娓鎬漢濡傜粐鐨勯潚宀涗腑灞辮礬鍗楃錛屾ˉ韜粠嫻峰哺鎺㈠叆濡傚集鏈堣埇鐨勯潚宀涙咕娣卞銆傛ˉ韜緵娓鎬漢鍙傝騫跺湪姝ゅ仠闈犳梾娓歌埞錛岀敱姝や箻鑸瑰彲鐪嬫搗涓婇潚宀涖€傞潚宀涙爤妗ュ寤轟簬娓呭厜緇崄鍏勾錛?892騫達(dá)級(jí)錛屾槸闈掑矝鏈€鏃╃殑鍐涗簨涓撶敤浜哄伐鐮佸ご寤虹瓚錛岀幇鍦ㄦ槸闈掑矝鐨勯噸瑕佹爣蹇楁€у緩絳戠墿鍜岃憲鍚嶉鏅父瑙堢偣銆?/p>

5銆侀潚宀涙搗搴曚笘鐣?/p>

鏁村悎浜嗛潚宀涙按鏃忛銆佹爣鏈銆佹貳姘撮奔棣嗙瓑鍘熸湁鏃呮父璧勬簮錛屼笌渚濆北鍌嶆搗鐨勮嚜鐒剁編鏅浉铻嶅悎錛屽艦鎴愬北涓湁嫻風(fēng)殑濂囨櫙銆傜嫭鐗圭殑鍦扮悊浣嶇疆錛岀幇浠ｅ寲鐨勫睍紺烘墜孌碉紝浣垮叾鎴愪負(fù)鍏ㄥ浗鐙叿鐗硅壊鐨勬搗媧嬬敓鎬佸ぇ瑙傚洯銆傛暣涓潚宀涙搗搴曚笘鐣岃紺佺煶鐜粫錛屽艦鎴愬北涓湁嫻風(fēng)殑緹庢櫙銆?/p>

浠ヤ笂鍐呭鍙傝€冿細(xì)鐧懼害鐧劇鈥旈潚宀涘競(jìng)

闈掑矝甯?jìng)鍐呯殑鏃呮父鏅傄?guī)湁鍝簺

闈掑矝甯?jìng)鍐呯殑鏃呮父鏅傄?guī)湁闈掑矝宕傚北銆佸叓澶у叧銆侀粍閲戞矙婊╂梾娓稿害鍋囧尯絳夈€?/p>

1銆侀潚宀涘磦灞憋細(xì)浣嶄簬榛勬搗涔嬫花錛屼富宄?133綾籌紝鎷旀搗鑰岀珛錛屽北嫻風(fēng)浉榪烇紝姘寸浜戝錛岃嚜鍙よ縐頒負(fù)錛傜浠欑獰瀹咃紓鍜岋紓鐏靛紓涔嬪簻錛傘€傚北涓婂鐭蟲€礊錛屾竻娉夋祦鐎戯紝榪涘磦灞卞彲鍒嗕負(fù)涓€佸崡銆佷笢涓夌嚎錛屽叾鏅壊鍚勫紓銆?982騫磋鍥藉姟闄㈤鎵圭‘瀹氫負(fù)鍥藉閲嶇偣椋庢櫙鍚嶈儨鍖轟箣涓€錛屽茍琚灄涓氶儴紜畾涓哄浗瀹舵．鏋楀叕鍥€?/p>

2銆佸叓澶у叧錛氫綅浜庢眹娉夎鏅尯鍖楅儴錛屾墍璋撳叓澶у叧鏄洜涓鴻繖閲屾湁鍏潯椹礬錛屾槸浠ヤ腑鍥藉彜浠ｈ憲鍚嶅叧闅樺懡鍚嶇殑錛屾槸涓浗钁楀悕鐨勯鏅枟鍏誨尯錛岄潰縐?0浣欏叕欏鳳紝鍗佹潯騫介潤娓呭噳鐨勫ぇ璺旱妯叾闂淬€傚茍涓旇澶氬厷鍜屽浗瀹墮瀵間漢鍙?qiáng)閲嶈鐨勫浗闄呭弸錆h鏇懼湪榪欓噷涓嬫銆?/p>

3銆侀粍宀涢噾娌欐嘩鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖猴細(xì)浣嶄簬灞變笢鐪侀潚宀涘競(jìng)緇忔祹鎶€鏈紑鍙戝尯鍐咃紝琚О涓衡€滀簹媧茬涓€婊┾€濄€傚洜涓烘按娓呮嘩騫籌紝娌欑粏濡傜矇錛岃壊娉藉閲戯紝鎵€浠ュ緱鍒伴噾娌欐嘩榪欎釜鍚嶅瓧銆傞噾娌欐嘩嫻烽潰鏈変竴鐭寵洐錛屽ご涓滃熬瑗匡紝闅忔疆璧鋒疆钀借嫢闅愯嫢鐜幫紝縐頒負(fù)鈥滈殣韜煶铔欌€濓紝鏅壊瀹滀漢銆?/p>

闈掑矝蹇呭幓鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁鍝簺錛?/h3>

闈掑矝鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁:1

宕傚北鏅尯:宕傚北鍙ょО宕傚北銆佸磦灞?/p>

浣嶄簬灞變笢鍗婂矝涓滃崡閮紝瑗夸復(fù)闈掑矝錛屼笢鍗楁繏涓撮粍嫻?/p>

鑰侀《宸ㄥ嘲鍗犲湴386騫蟲柟鍏噷錛屾搗鎷?133綾?/p>

瀹冧笉浠呮槸涓浗钁楀悕鐨勯亾鏁欏悕灞憋紝涔熸槸閬挎殤鑳滃湴

宕傚北鏅偣鏈夊お娓呭銆佸お騫沖銆佸寳涔?jié)姘淬€佽姳妤煎銆侀工灞便€佽€侀《宸ㄥ嘲絳?/p>

2

闈掑矝嫻峰簳涓栫晫:闈掑矝嫻峰簳涓栫晫鏄浗瀹?A綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖猴紝浣嶄簬闈掑矝姹囨硥婀撅紝姣楅偦闈掑矝钁楀悕鏅偣椴佽繀鍏洯鍜岀? ?涓€嫻鋒按嫻村満

鏁村悎浜嗛潚宀涙按鏃忛銆佹爣鏈銆佹貳姘撮奔棣嗙瓑鍘熸湁鏃呮父璧勬簮

錛屽茍涓庝緷灞卞倣嫻風(fēng)殑鑷劧緹庢櫙铻嶄負(fù)涓€浣擄紝褰㈡垚浜嗗北涓湁嫻風(fēng)殑濂囧鏅薄

鍏剁嫭鐗圭殑鍦扮悊浣嶇疆鍜岀幇浠ｅ寲鐨勫睍紺烘墜孌碉紝浣垮叾鎴愪負(fù)涓浗鐙竴鏃犱簩鐨勬搗媧嬬敓鎬佸ぇ瑙傚洯

3

鑼跺北椋庢櫙鍖?闈掑矝鑼跺北椋庢櫙鍖轟綅浜庡鉤搴﹀競(jìng)鍖?0鍏噷錛屽寳涓村ぇ娉斤紝涓滀復(fù)瀛ゅ北錛屾渶楂樺嘲嫻鋒嫈560綾?/p>

鑼跺北鏅尯鏄?004騫村紑鍙戠殑錛岀幇鍦ㄥ凡緇忓垵鍏瘋妯?/p>

宀╃煶銆佹硥姘淬€侀矞鑺卞拰瀵哄簷鏄尪灞辯殑涓婚

2010騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鑼跺北琚浗瀹舵梾娓稿眬鎵瑰噯涓?A綰ф梾娓告櫙鍖?/p>

闈掑矝鏈夊摢浜涙梾娓告櫙鐐癸紵

闈掑矝鏄垜涓€鐩村悜寰€鐨勫煄甯?jìng)锛屽墠涓をq村拰鏈嬪弸涓€璧峰幓鎵撳崱浜嗛潚宀涜憲鍚嶇殑鏃呮父鏅偣錛屽繀鍘葷殑鏅偣鎴戣涓烘槸鏍堟ˉ錛岃繖閲屾槸闈掑矝鏈€緇忓吀鐨勬搗婊ㄦ櫙鐐逛箣涓€錛岃繕鏄厤璐瑰弬瑙傜殑鍝濂変笂鎴戠殑涓€浜涙敾鐣ャ€?/p>

闈掑矝鏍堟ˉ

鏍堟ˉ濮嬪緩浜庢竻鍏夌華鍗佷竷騫達(dá)紙1891騫達(dá)級(jí)錛屾槸闈掑矝寤鴻鏈€鏃╃殑鐮佸ご錛岀礌鏈夆€滈暱铏硅繙寮曗€濅箣瑾夛紝鎴愪負(fù)浜嗛潚宀涙梾娓擱鏅殑鏍囧織錛屾渶鍗楃澶勭瓚鏈夊弻灞傚弻妾愮悏鐠冪摝瑕嗛《鐨勪袱灞傚叓瑙掍涵錛屽悕涓哄洖婢滈榿錛屾槸闈掑矝鐨勬爣蹇楁€у緩絳戙€?/p>

闂ㄧエ錛氬厤璐?/p>

寮€鏀炬椂闂達(dá)細(xì)鍏ㄥ勾鍏ㄥぉ

鍦板潃錛氬北涓滅渷闈掑矝甯?jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯澶鉤璺?2鍙?/p>

馃殗浜ら€氾細(xì)

鍦伴搧1/3鍙風(fēng)嚎闈掑矝绔橩鍙ｅ嚭绔欙紝姝ヨ800綾沖埌杈?/p>

鍏氦杞?銆?銆?5銆?6銆?14銆?17銆?20銆?23銆?01銆?04銆?0璺瓑鍒版爤妗ュ叕鍥珯涓嬭濺

蹇呮墦鍗℃櫙鐐癸細(xì)

1銆佲湪鍥炴緶闃?/p>

鍥炴緶闃佸湪鏍堟ˉ榫欏ご浣嶇疆錛岀敱褰╄壊鐞夌拑鐡﹁鐩栵紝24鏍圭孩婕嗘煴瀛愭敮鎾戣€屾垚錛岄榿蹇冩湁铻烘棆褰㈡ゼ姊紝妤間笂鍥涘懆涓虹幓鐠冪獥錛屾湁鈥滀竴紿椾竴鏅紝涓€鏅竴鐢燴€濅箣璇淬€備笌灝忛潚宀涢殧姘寸浉鏈涳紝鍖楃涓庝腑灞辮礬榪炴垚鐩寸嚎錛屼負(fù)闈掑矝閲嶈鏍囧織錛屽悓鏃惰鐢熷嚭涓€浜涚邯蹇靛搧錛屽鏄庝俊鐗囥€佸伐鑹哄搧銆佷箰楂樼Н鏈ㄧ瓑銆?/p>

2銆佲湪鏍堟ˉ鍏洯

鏍堟ˉ鍖椾晶娌垮哺琚О涓衡€滄爤妗ュ叕鍥€濓紝鍥唴鑺辮崏钁遍儊錛岃鏈夌煶妞呴暱鍑籌紝涔熸湁鍏叡鍘曟墍鍜屾礂鑴氭睜錛屽湪榪欓噷鍙互嬈ｈ祻嫻峰ぉ涓€綰塊鏅€傛槬縐嬪鑺傛垚緹ゆ搗楦ヤ細(xì)鍦ㄦ爤妗ヤ袱渚ф搗鍩熻仛闆嗚椋燂紝涓烘爤妗ュ甫鏉ヨ澶氱敓姘斻€?/p>

馃彇鏍堟ˉ鍏朵粬鐜╂硶錛?/p>

馃寠嫻鋒按嫻村満韙忔氮錛氭爤妗ヨタ渚х殑涓€澶х墖嫻鋒嘩錛屽湪澶忓ぉ涔熶竴鐩翠漢灞變漢嫻鳳紝鏈夌殑鍦ㄦ檼澶槼錛屾湁鐨勫湪嫻瘋竟韙忔氮錛屽緢鏄嚜鍦ㄣ€?/p>

馃悮璧舵搗錛氭瘡姣忓埌浜嗛€€娼殑鏃跺€欙紝鏍堟ˉ涓や晶宀歌竟鐨勭鐭沖氨闇蹭簡鍑烘潵錛屽氨浼?xì)涓€浜涗漢鍦ㄧ鐭充笂璧舵搗錛屾姄铻冭煿鎸栬礉澹熾€?/p>

鉂勶笍鍐ぉ鐨勬爤妗ワ紙姣忓勾10鏈堜喚鍒?鏈堬級(jí)鍒欐槸馃惁嫻烽弗鎴愮兢緇撻槦錛?0涓囦綑鍙搗楦ヤ粠瑗夸集鍒╀簹椋炶繃鏉ワ紝涓€鐩存槸鍐棩鏍堟ˉ鐨勪竴閬撳埆鏍烽鏅嚎鈥?/p>

銆愨瓡鐪嬫搗楦ユ敾鐣ャ€?/p>

馃尶瀛ｈ妭錛氭爤妗ョ殑嫻烽弗浠?0鏈堝紑濮嬩竴鐩存寔緇 埌鏉ュ勾4鏈堬紝鍩烘湰閮借兘鐪嬪埌銆?/p>

馃崬鍠傞錛氬彲浠ュ甫浜涢潰鍖呫€侀澶翠箣綾葷殑錛屼笉瑕佺粰嫻烽弗鍠傚濂囨€€殑椋熺墿鍝︺€?/p>

鍦扮偣錛氭爤妗ヤ笂鍙?qiáng)闄剺q戠殑嫻鋒嘩閮藉彲浠ョ湅嫻烽弗

馃摲鎷嶇収鏀葷暐

1銆?绔欏湪鍥炴緶闃佷笅錛屽彲浠ョ敤闀跨劍鎷嶆憚鍒頒笉榪滃鐨勫皬闈掑矝馃彎鋦?/p>

2銆佹瘡騫?0鏈堝埌4鏈堬紝鏈夋垚緹ょ殑嫻烽弗鍦ㄨ繖閲岄泦緇擄紝嫻烽弗椋炶繃鐨勬牱瀛愬緢緹庯紝寰堝嚭鐗囸煏婏笍

3銆佸緢澶氭椂鍊欙紝鏍堟ˉ涓婄殑浜哄緢澶氾紝鍏跺疄鍙互閫夋嫨鍦ㄦ部嫻風(fēng)殑澶鉤璺笂鍘繪媿鎽勫緢娓呮櫚鐨勬爤妗ヨ繙鏅?/p>

馃槏緹庨鎺ㄨ崘錛?/p>

鏅尯澶栨湁寰堝鍝佸皾緹庨鐨勫簵閾猴紝鐗瑰埆鎺ㄨ崘浣犲幓鍚冪敓铓濓紝鑲夊楗辨弧錛岀敤钂滆搲鍜岀矇涓濈儰鍑烘潵鐨勫懗閬撲竴緇濓紒榪樻湁鏈湴鐨勬椿铏撅紝鐧界伡淇濈暀浜嗚櫨鐨勫師姹佸師鍛籌紝铇告枡鐩存帴鍚冭秴綰у鏂瘇

闈掑矝蹇呭幓鐨勬梾娓告櫙鐐規(guī)湁鍝簺

闈掑矝鏃呮父鍘誨摢閲屽ソ錛?闈掑矝鍘誨摢閲屼漢灝戝憿?鎴戝氨涓哄ぇ瀹舵帹鑽?017闈掑矝鏃呮父鐨勫湴鏂癸紝涓€璧鋒潵鐪嬬湅鍚?

闈掑矝鏈夊摢浜涙梾娓告櫙鐐?/p>

鏍堟ˉ

闈掑矝鏍堟ˉ錛屼織縐板墠嫻鋒爤妗ャ€佸崡嫻鋒爤妗ャ€佸ぇ鐮佸ご銆備綅浜庨潚宀涘競(jìng)甯?jìng)鍗楀尯鎿v婊紝闈掑矝婀懼寳渚э紝琚涓洪潚宀涘競(jìng)閲嶈鏍囧織銆傛槸闈掑矝鏈€鏃╃殑鍐涗簨涓撶敤浜哄伐鐮佸ご寤虹瓚銆傚痙鍥戒鏡鍗犻潚宀涘悗錛屾爤妗ユ垚涓鴻揣榪愮爜澶?銆?鏍堟ˉ鍗楃寤烘湁鍙屽眰椋炴獝鍏浜榿鈥斺€斺€滃洖婢滈榿鈥濓紝娓鎬漢婕浜庢爤妗ユ搗婊紝鍙闈掑矝鏂版湀鍨嬬殑鍩庡競(jìng)杞粨錛屾爤妗ヤ技闀胯櫣鍗ф嘗錛屽洖婢滈榿鐔犵啝鐢熻緣銆?/p>

閲戞矙婊?/p>

閲戞矙婊╀綅浜庡北涓滈潚宀涘競(jìng)榛勫矝鍖洪粍嫻蜂箣婊紝鍛堟湀鐗欏艦涓滆タ浼稿睍錛屽叏闀?500澶氱背錛屾槸鎴戝浗娌欒川鏈€緇嗐€侀潰縐渶澶с€侀鏅渶緹庣殑娌欐嘩錛屽彿縐扳€滀簹媧茬涓€婊┾€濄€?閲戞矙婊╂櫙鑷存€′漢錛屾搗婊ㄤ紤闂層€佸ū涔愩€侀楗€佽繍鍔ㄣ€佸挩璇㈡湇鍔＄瓑鍚勯」鏃呮父鍔熻兘搴旀湁灝芥湁銆?/p>

鏋佸湴嫻鋒磱涓栫晫

浣嶄簬闈掑矝涓滄搗涓滆礬錛岀煶鑰佷漢鏃呮父搴﹀亣鍖哄崡闈紝涓滆搗闆曞鍥紝瑗胯嚦嫻鋒磱濞變箰鍩庯紝鑳岄潬闈掑北錛屼笁闈復(fù)嫻楓€傚畠鏄湪鍘熼潚宀涙搗璞氳〃婕旈鐨勫熀紜€涓婃姇璧勫叴寤虹殑闆嗗悆銆佷綇銆佽銆佹父銆佽喘銆佸ū涓轟竴浣擄紝浠ユ搗媧嬪叕鍥負(fù)涓婚鐨刞澶у瀷寮€鏀懼紡鏃呮父欏圭洰銆?/p>

絎竴嫻鋒按嫻村満

闈掑矝絎竴嫻鋒按嫻村満浣嶄簬灞變笢闈掑矝甯?jìng)姹囨硥婀惧唴锛屾嫢鏈夐?80綾籌紝瀹?0浣欑背鐨勬矙婊╋紝鏇炬槸浜氭床鏈€澶х殑嫻鋒按嫻村満銆?榪欓噷涓夐潰鐜北錛岀豢鏍?wèi)钁辫審锛岀庮C唬鐨勯珮灞傚緩絳戜笌浼犵粺鐨勫埆澧呭緩絳戝閥濡欏湴緇撳悎鍦ㄤ竴璧鳳紝鏅壊闈炲父縐€涓姐€?/p>

濂ュ竼涓績

闈掑矝鍥介檯甯嗚埞涓績搴ц惤浜庨潚宀涘競(jìng)涓滈儴鏂板尯嫻北婀劇晹錛屽寳嫻瘋埞鍘傚師鍧€錛屾瘲閭諱簲鍥涘箍鍦哄拰涓滄搗璺€?008騫寸29灞婂ゥ榪愪細(xì)鍜?3灞婃畫濂ヤ細(xì)甯嗚埞姣旇禌鐨勬墍鏈夊繀澶囪鏂斤紝鐩墠鍏ㄩ儴榪樹綅浜庡満棣嗗尯鍐呫€?/p>

Hash:a5e1e78807d07d0caf1a37f6e39955fb508cc311