退避三舍

Retreating about Thirty Miles as Condition For Peace

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), Duke Xian of the State of Jin Killed the crown prince Sheng because he had heard slanders about Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chong Er, Shen Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chonh Er, Shen Sheng's brother. Hearing the news, Chong Er escaped from the state of Jin, remaining a fugitive for more than ten years.

After innumerable hardships, Chong Er arrived at the State of Chu at last. King Cheng of the State of Chu treated him with high respect as he would have treated the ruler of a state, believing that he would have a vright fuure.

One day, King Cheng of the State of Chu gave a banquet in honoudr of Chong Er. Suddenly, amid the harmonious atmosphere of drinking and talking, King Cheng of the State of Chu asked Chong Er. How will you repay me when you return to the State of Jin and become its ruler one day? After thinking for a moment, Chong Er said, You have plenty of beauties and attendants as well as jewelry and silk cloth, and the state of Chu abounds in rare brides and animals. What treasure can the State of Jin boast having to present to your majesty? King Cheng of the State of Chu said, You are too modest. Nevertheless, you still have to show your gratitude to me in one way or another, I presume? Smiling, Chong Er answered, If I should be fortunate enouge to return to the State of Jin and become its ruler, the State of Jin would be friendly to the State of Chu. If, one day, there should be a war between the two states, I would definitely order my troops to retreat three SHE (one SHE is equivalent to thirty LI. The LI is a Chinese unit of length equivalent to 1/2 kilometre. And, therefore, three SHE is about thirty miles.) as a condition for peace. If, under that condition, you were still not reconciled, I would have to fight with you.

Four years later, as might be expected, Chong Er returned to the State of Jin and became its ruler. He was none other than Duke Wen of the State of Jin famous in ancient Chinese history. Ruled by him, the State of Jin became increasingly powerful.

In the year 533 B.C., the Chu troops and the Jin troops confronted each other in a battle. Faithful to his promise, Duke Wen of the State of Jin ordered his troops to retreat about thirty miles. After retreating, the Jin troops were stationed at Chengpu. Seeing that the Jin troops were retreating, the Chu troops thought that the enemy troops were afraid, and began chasing them. Taking advantage of the Chu troops' arrogance and their talking the Jin troops lightly, the Jin troops concentrated their forces and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Chu troops, thus winning the victory of the battle of Chengpu.

This set phrase, retreating about thirty miles as a condition for peace, is derived from the Chapter The Twenty-second Year of Duke Xi in ZuoZhuan, the famous commentary by Zuo Qiuming on The spring and Autumn Annals. The idea of this set phrase is to give way to somebody in order to avoid a conflict.

退避三舍

退縮約三十英里， 在春秋時(shí)期（公元前770-476年）的和平條件 ，杜克西安晉國(guó)殺害皇太子盛，因?yàn)樗?tīng)說(shuō)誣蔑盛，并相信他們。他還派他的手下逮捕，沉盛重耳，并相信他們。他還派他的手下逮捕Chonh呃，申生的弟弟。重耳聞?dòng)崳映隽藭x國(guó)，其余的逃犯十余年。 經(jīng)過(guò)千辛萬(wàn)苦，重耳來(lái)到楚國(guó)最后。景程的楚國(guó)與崇高的敬意，因?yàn)樗麜?huì)處理一個(gè)國(guó)家的統(tǒng)治者對(duì)待他，相信，他會(huì)有vright fuure。 有一天，景程的楚國(guó)設(shè)宴招待重耳honoudr 。突然，在一片和諧的氣氛中，喝酒和說(shuō)話，景程的楚國(guó)問(wèn)重耳。“你將如何報(bào)答我，當(dāng)你回到晉國(guó)，成為它的統(tǒng)治者嗎？” 沉吟了片刻后，重耳說(shuō)：“你有很多美女和服務(wù)員，以及珠寶和絲綢布，楚國(guó)盛產(chǎn)罕見(jiàn)的新娘和動(dòng)物什么珍奇呈現(xiàn)給晉? ??夸大王呢？“ 楚國(guó)的成王說(shuō)，“你太謙虛了，不過(guò)，你仍然有這樣或那樣的顯示您的感謝我，我相信嗎？” ，重耳笑著回答，“如果我應(yīng)該幸運(yùn)enouge，回到晉國(guó)，成為它的統(tǒng)治者，晉國(guó)楚是友好國(guó)家，假如有一天，應(yīng)該有之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)兩種狀態(tài)，我肯定會(huì)命令軍隊(duì)撤退三個(gè)SHE（一舍等于三十里。LI是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)度單位，相當(dāng)于中國(guó)1/2公里，因此，她是大約30英里。）和平條件，在該條件下，如果你仍然不甘心，我跟你拼了。“ 四年后，可以預(yù)料，重耳回到晉國(guó)，成為它的統(tǒng)治者。他以外，沒(méi)有晉國(guó)在中國(guó)古代歷史上著名的晉文公。他統(tǒng)治，晉國(guó)日益強(qiáng)大， 在公元前633年，楚國(guó)和晉國(guó)的軍隊(duì)在一次戰(zhàn)斗中面對(duì)對(duì)方。忠實(shí)晉國(guó)的晉文公為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他許下的諾言，下令軍隊(duì)撤退大約30英里。撤退后，晉國(guó)的軍隊(duì)駐扎在城濮。楚軍見(jiàn)晉軍后退，以為敵軍害怕，開始追逐他們。晉國(guó)的軍隊(duì)利用楚軍的囂張氣焰和他們坦率的談話晉國(guó)的軍隊(duì)掉以輕心，集中他們的力量和，造成大敗楚軍，從而贏得了城濮之戰(zhàn)的勝利。 這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，“撤退約30英里和平條件“，是源于章”第二十二屆年在著名評(píng)論左丘明“左傳”，春秋公羊傳“僖公。這組短語(yǔ)的想法是，為了避免沖突，讓位給別人。

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