SeoulSeoul is the capital and largest city of South Korea (Republic of Korea). The city was the capital of Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE) and the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Upon the establishment of the South Korea in 1948, Seoul became its capital and designated the nation's only Special City. Residents of Seoul are referred to as Seoulites.With over ten million people living within its city limits, Seoul is one of the largest cities in the world. [2] With an area of only 605 square kilometres, smaller than London or New York City, it is one of the most densely populated major cities. Seoul's population density has allowed it to become one of the world's most digitally-connected cities. It also has more than three million registered vehicles which often cause widespread traffic jams.The larger Seoul National Capital Area and commuter belt, which includes the major port city of Incheon, has almost 23 million inhabitants. This makes it the second most populous metropolitan area in the world, after Greater Tokyo. Almost one half of South Korea's entire population live in Seoul and its environs. The city is the country's political, cultural, and economic center, as well as an international business center, and is considered one of the top 20 world-class cities.As the symbol of the Miracle on the Han River, Seoul has played a key role in South Korea's economic development. In recent years, the metropolitan government has carried out an extensive cleanup of the city's air and water pollution. The revival of Cheonggyecheon, a stream that flows through downtown Seoul, has been lauded as a major success in urban renewal and beautification.Seoul is located in the northwest of South Korea on the Han River, only about 30 miles (~50 km) from the de-militarized zone (DMZ) border shared with North Korea.TransportationSeoul's transportation boom dates back to the era of the Korean Empire, when the first streetcar lines were laid and a railroad linking Seoul and Shinuiju was completed. Today, as a result of the diversification of Seoul's transportation network, it has become a great transportation hub for Asia. Airports Incheon International AirportThere are two airports that serve Seoul. Gimpo International Airport, formerly in Gimpo but annexed to Seoul in 1963, was the only airport for Seoul from its original construction during the Korean War. Multiple airports were built in and around Seoul immediately before, during, and after the war. The most famous was on Yoido, which once served as the country’s gateway to the world.Upon opening in March 2001, Incheon International Airport on Yeongjong island near Incheon has changed the role of Gimpo Airport significantly. Incheon is now responsible for almost all international flights and some domestic flights, while Gimpo serves only domestic flights with the exception of flights to Haneda Airport in Tokyo). This has led to a significant drop in flights from Gimpo Airport. Meanwhile, Incheon International Airport has become, along with Hong Kong and Singapore, a major transportation centre for East Asia. It was recently voted by the IATA as the world's best airport in service and quality. The two airports are linked to Seoul by a highway, and Gimpo is also linked by subway. A rail line connecting Incheon Airport to Gimpo Airport and Seoul Station in central Seoul is under construction. Shuttle buses transfer passengers between Incheon and Gimpo airports.Bus Seoul's bus system is operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, with four primary bus configurations available servicing most of the city. SubwaySeoul has nine subway lines that interlink every district of the city with one another and with the surrounding area. The majority of the population now uses the public transportation system due to its convenience and low cost. With more than 8 million passengers a day Seoul has one of the busiest subway systems in the world. In addition, in order to cope with all of these transportation modes, Seoul's metropolitan government employs several mathematicians to c oordinate the subway, bus, and traffic schedules into one timetable. TrainSeoul is also linked to several other major South Korean cities by the KTX bullet train which features a top speed of 300 km/h, making commuting between cities extremely convenient for commuters and domestic tourists.

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